Features of nonequilibrium economical systems evolution

The purpose of the paper is to study the problematic issues of nonequilibrium economic dynamics and accompanying negative effects, and to elaborate proposals for their mitigation. The study is based on the use of modern approaches, including the bifurcation analysis and methods of systems self-organizing (synergy). The analysis is carried out on the example of the Russian economy. It is shown that in the course of planning period of its development, the main negative aspects were unbalanced structure of the national economy and preferred orientation on primary industries. Contrary to forecasts, upon transition to the market economy, those negative aspects were supplemented by the deterioration of the institutional structure that was one of the main causes of the negative trends in the macroeconomic dynamics due to increased non-compliance of the structure with the objectives and objectives of economic development in the market conditions, and regular economic crises. The result was preservation of raw materials export model, and the economic slowdown, destruction of the production sector, reducing the competitiveness of the economy and as a consequence, the possibility of increasing the human wellbeing. Among the proposed measures: reorganization of the institutional structure of society; change the economic growth model; implementation ofprojects with a large multiplier effect, and others

On the role of small business in the development of economic systems

Article aims to study the trends which emerge in the field of small business in the Russian economy and their impact on the economical growth, proposals generation to stabilize the sphere. The methods used to study: the historical and economic analysis; abstract and logical approach; comparative analysis; statistical analysis of the data. The study was conducted by the example of the Russian economy compared with the economies of other developed market countries. The dynamics of the small business sector development was considered; steady trend towards a slowdown in its growth was identified. Using the example of European countries with developed market economy, a relationship between the branch structure of small business and the state of technological basis of society has been established. Conclusions: The impact of small enterprises on the development of economical systems in different concrete-historical stages is realized through various mechanisms; small business development is an objective response to changes in the technological base and the organizational and economic environment of a society, and an artificial increase in the rate of growth is not advisable; small production is effective only when there are all the appropriate technological, organizational, economic and institutional conditions, and others

Competitiveness assessment the construction industry of the Republic of Tatarstan

© 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All right reserved. The article presents the results of a study aimed at testing the methodology for assessing the competitiveness of the regional construction sector. Assessment of competitiveness of the construction sector of the regional economy was conducted on three groups of indicators. The first group includes such indicators as the share of unprofitable enterprises in the construction, investment activity (share of investment in output). The second group of indicators includes labor Productivity, capital productivity, tend-vaginitis. The third group includes the ratio of wages in construction with the subsistence minimum working age population in the region, the degree of depreciation of fixed assets in the regional construction, the share of workers of construction organizations, working in conditions that do not meet hygienic standards of working conditions. The study showed that the competitive status of the construction industry of the Republic of Tatarstan within the framework of the three-factor model is the highest in the Volga Federal district. However, several challenges were identified. For example, regional authorities in the management of competitiveness of the construction complex of the region should pay attention to several issues related to performance and business activity in production and working conditions of their workers

The state of competitiveness of russia on the world food market

© 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All right reserved. The article analyses the modern state of Russia's competitiveness on the world market of agricultural products, the competitiveness of the Russian Federation concerning certain types of food products, identifies problems of the current competitiveness of Russia and the suggested solutions

Technology ability of laser bonding of compacted graphite iron

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. Laser welding features of compacted graphite iron are described in this paper. An approach that allows to reduce residual stresses and the probability of occurrence of "hot" cracks in the weld seam as well as to increase the absorption coefficient of laser radiation due to the use of metal powder Ni-Cr-B-Si-Fe, BoroTec-Eutalloy® 10009-chromium-nickel alloy are proposed. Recommendations are given when conducting a welding with compacted graphite iron

The impact of innovations in the production of biologically valuable food products on supply chain management in the regional economy

Abstract— The article shows a study of the role of supply chain management of innovative biologically valuable food products in the industrial development and economy of the region. The analysis of the process of updating the assortment of food products based on the introduction of innovative developments and production principles conducive to the release of a healthy diet product (innovative product) is presented. The main provisions of the concept of healthy food products, the category of “innovative food products” are analyzed. The article systematizes the definitions of the concept of “innovative product”. Based on the results of the study, features, functional properties and characteristic features of an innovative food product are determined. Based on the concept of “innovative food product”, the concepts of “new food product”, “improved food product”, and “modified food product” are formulated. A classification model of innovative food products is presented. Based on it, it is shown that the development, production and sale of an innovative food product two functions: economic and social. The study made it possible to formulate the main criteria that make it possible to attribute a food product to a group of innovative food products. The article describes the characteristics of an innovative food product, describes market and consumer properties. The author's definitions of concepts are given: “innovative food product”, “new food product”, “improved food product”, “modified food product”. A classification of innovative food products is proposed

Лечение высокоэнергетических повреждений грудного и поясничного отделов позвоночника

Introduction. Surgical treatment of patients with spinal injuries with traumatic spinal canal stenosis is an important and widely discussed problem of contemporary vertebrology. Injuries to the spine in the incidence structure of isolated or combined injuries occupy a special place due to their high social and clinical significance. Long-term outcomes of traumatic disease in patients with combined trauma to the thoracic and lumbar spine are studied, as before, by ever larger groups of researchers in connection to the new generations of spinal fixation devices being introduced.Materials and methods. 111 patients with various thoracolumbar spine injuries treated surgically were included in the study. In 40 patients, the post-traumatic stenosis was treated with the use of ligamentotaxis and transpedicular osteosynthesis. Thll–Thl2, Th12–L1 and L1–L2 were the most frequent localisations of the level of injury in the study group.Results and discussion. The immediate treatment outcomes observed were as follows — good in 33 (82.5%) cases, satisfactory in 6 (15.0%), unsatisfactory — in 1 (2.5%). Long-term outcomes with follow-up longer than a year were recorded in 27 (67.5%) patients with good outcomes in 20 (74.1%) and satisfactory in 7 (25.9%).Conclusion. A correct stabilisation with metal systems makes it possible to verticalize the patient quickly and shorten the rehabilitation period in all patients including those of active working age, as well as minimize the risks in the long term.Введение. Хирургическое лечение пациентов с повреждениями позвоночника, сопровождающимися травматическим стенозом позвоночного канала, является актуальной и обсуждаемой проблемой современной вертебрологии. Повреждения позвоночника в структуре изолированной и множественной травмы занимают особое место по причине высокой социальной и клинической значимости. Отдаленный период травматической болезни при сочетанной травме грудного и поясничного отделов позвоночника по-прежнему изучается большими группами исследователей в связи с внедрением новых поколений фиксаторов.Материалы и методы. Проведено оперативное лечение 111 больных с различными повреждениями грудопоясничного отдела позвоночника. У 40 больных проведено устранение посттравматического стеноза методом лигаментотаксиса с применением транспедикулярного остеосинтеза. Наиболее частыми локализациями уровня повреждения среди пациентов с повреждениями грудопоясничного отдела в группе исследования были сегменты позвоночного столба на уровне Thll–Thl2,Тh12–L1 и L1–L2.Результаты и обсуждение. Ближайшие результаты лечения прослежены у всех пациентов: хорошие получены в  33  (82,5  %) случаях; удовлетворительные  — в 6 (15,0  %), неудовлетворительные  — в 1 (2,5  %). Отдаленные результаты со сроком наблюдения более 1 года прослежены у 27 (67,5 %) пациентов; у 20 (74,1 %) получены хорошие, у 7 (25,9 %) — удовлетворительные.Заключение. Корректная стабилизация металлоконструкцией позволяет в кратчайшие сроки вертикализировать пациента и сократить сроки реабилитации, в том числе у пациентов трудоспособного возраста, с наибольшей вероятностью минимального возникновения риска в отдаленном период

Formation of the order structures in the non-equilibrium economic systems

The purpose of this article is to define the types of order, referred to as the order structures formed in the non-equilibrium economic systems, to identify the relevant factors and to assess the prospects of development of the non-equilibrium systems. The study is based on the use of methods and tools of the nonlinear dynamics theory and the comparative analysis method. The analysis is carried out on the example of the Russian economy compared with the economies of Poland and the United States. It is shown that the fundamental difference between the order structures formed in the non-equilibrium systems and the states of general or partial equilibrium is determined by the differences in the behavior of economic entities, which is usually not rational in practice, as it is supposed by the equilibrium approach, but limited-rational. We built the phase trajectories of the economic systems of the aforementioned countries. We identified and characterized all types of existing and emerging order structures here. The conclusions emphasize: the objective nature of the formation process of the order structures in the nonequilibrium systems; the transient nature of these structures defined by the type of the existing non-equilibrium; the presence of a combination of factors that impede a transition of the Russian economy on the trajectory of sustainable development

On the role of small business in the development of economic systems

Article aims to study the trends which emerge in the field of small business in the Russian economy and their impact on the economical growth, proposals generation to stabilize the sphere. The methods used to study: the historical and economic analysis; abstract and logical approach; comparative analysis; statistical analysis of the data. The study was conducted by the example of the Russian economy compared with the economies of other developed market countries. The dynamics of the small business sector development was considered; steady trend towards a slowdown in its growth was identified. Using the example of European countries with developed market economy, a relationship between the branch structure of small business and the state of technological basis of society has been established. Conclusions: The impact of small enterprises on the development of economical systems in different concrete-historical stages is realized through various mechanisms; small business development is an objective response to changes in the technological base and the organizational and economic environment of a society, and an artificial increase in the rate of growth is not advisable; small production is effective only when there are all the appropriate technological, organizational, economic and institutional conditions, and others

Features of nonequilibrium economical systems evolution

The purpose of the paper is to study the problematic issues of nonequilibrium economic dynamics and accompanying negative effects, and to elaborate proposals for their mitigation. The study is based on the use of modern approaches, including the bifurcation analysis and methods of systems self-organizing (synergy). The analysis is carried out on the example of the Russian economy. It is shown that in the course of planning period of its development, the main negative aspects were unbalanced structure of the national economy and preferred orientation on primary industries. Contrary to forecasts, upon transition to the market economy, those negative aspects were supplemented by the deterioration of the institutional structure that was one of the main causes of the negative trends in the macroeconomic dynamics due to increased non-compliance of the structure with the objectives and objectives of economic development in the market conditions, and regular economic crises. The result was preservation of raw materials export model, and the economic slowdown, destruction of the production sector, reducing the competitiveness of the economy and as a consequence, the possibility of increasing the human wellbeing. Among the proposed measures: reorganization of the institutional structure of society; change the economic growth model; implementation ofprojects with a large multiplier effect, and others